Cellular Mechanisms in Biological Sciences with Emphasis on Disease Resistance Pathways
Keywords:
Cellular mechanisms, disease resistance, innate immunity, apoptosis, molecular signaling, immune pathways, pathogen recognitionAbstract
Cellular mechanisms underpin the fundamental processes of biological systems, playing critical roles in maintaining homeostasis and mounting responses to internal and external stressors. Among these, disease resistance pathways constitute a crucial defensive strategy, orchestrating intricate molecular and cellular responses to pathogens and environmental insults. This paper explores core cellular pathways relevant to disease resistance with a particular focus on signaling networks, innate immunity, and programmed cell death. We analyze how alterations in these mechanisms contribute to susceptibility or resistance to disease, and evaluate advances in understanding these processes using molecular biology tools.
References
Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA Jr (1997) A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388:394–397
Janeway CA Jr (1989) Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 54:1–13
Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T (2001) Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol 2:675–680
Jones JDG, Dangl JL (2006) The plant immune system. Nature 444:323–329
Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR (1972) Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 26:239–257
Huh JR, Littman DR (2007) Small molecule inhibitors of RORγt: targeting Th17 cells and other applications. Immunity 27:703–714
Beutler B (2004) Innate immunity: an overview. Mol Immunol 40:845–859
Levine B, Deretic V (2007) Unveiling the roles of autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 7:767–777
Kawai T, Akira S (2006) TLR signaling. Cell Death Differ 13:816–825
Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S (2003) Toll-like receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 21:335–376
Mizushima N (2007) Autophagy: process and function. Genes Dev 21:2861–2873
Dhanasekaran DN, Reddy EP (2008) JNK signaling in apoptosis. Oncogene 27:6245–6251
Hotamisligil GS (2006) Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature 444:860–867
Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Brenner C (2007) Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death. Physiol Rev 87:99–163
O'Neill LAJ, Golenbock D, Bowie AG (2013) The history of Toll-like receptors—redefining innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 13:453–460
Mizushima N, Levine B, Cuervo AM, Klionsky DJ (2008) Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion. Nature 451:1069–1075
Schmid D, Münz C (2007) Innate and adaptive immunity through autophagy. Immunity 27:11–21
Gallo RL, Hooper LV (2012) Epithelial antimicrobial defense of the skin and intestine. Nat Rev Immunol 12:503–516
Newton K, Dixit VM (2012) Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 4:a006049
Honda K, Taniguchi T (2006) IRFs: master regulators of signaling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors. Nat Rev Immunol 6:644–658
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Sebastian Julian (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.